منابع مشابه
Eu-us Working Group on Spoken-word Audio Collections
0.0 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Our diverse cultures rely increasingly on audio and video resources. We need to chart a steady course to assure the utility of this record. Such a course calls for a plan to preserve these resources and to determine the most effective ways to access their rich content. For example, though our nations possess enormous collections of spoken-word materials, much of these coll...
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This paper reports the results of the development, deployment and testing of a large spoken-language dialogue application for use by the general public. We built an automated spoken questionnaire for the U.S. Bureau of the Census. In the project's rst phase, the basic recognizers and dialogue system were developed using 4,000 calls. In the second phase, the system was adapted to meet Census Bur...
متن کاملWhat might a corpus of parsed spoken data tell us about language?
This paper summarises a methodological perspective towards corpus linguistics that is both unifying and critical. It emphasises that the processes involved in annotating corpora and carrying out research with corpora are fundamentally cyclic, i.e. involving both bottom-up and top-down processes. Knowledge is necessarily partial and refutable. This perspective unifies ‘corpus-driven’ and ‘theory...
متن کاملMethodological issues in evaluating a spoken CALL game: can crowdsourcing help us perform controlled experiments?
We summarise a series of experiments we have carried out over the last three years on CALL-SLT, a speechenabled web-based CALL game for learning and improving fluency in domain language, focussing on the methodological aspects. In particular, we argue that our previous evaluations have been systematically flawed due to the lack of a control group. We present a detailed description of our most r...
متن کاملCore Units of Spoken Grammar in Global ELT Textbooks
Materials evaluation studies have constantly demonstrated that there is no one fixed procedure for conducting textbook evaluation studies. Instead, the criteria must be selected according to the needs and objectives of the context in which evaluation takes place. The speaking skill as part of the communicative competence has been emphasized as an important objective in language teaching. The pr...
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Nature
سال: 1982
ISSN: 0028-0836,1476-4687
DOI: 10.1038/295540b0